Question #260

Can buildings explain how they use energy?

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AD 120 · Deva Victrix — Chester · Researched

Welcome to AD 120.

Not a documentary. Not a game. A historical experience.

Arrival mode

Who are you?

You are a potter. Age 26. Living at A workshop street outside the fortress walls near Chester.

You wake before dawn on a straw mattress. The kiln has been cooling overnight and needs checking before anything else happens today.

No electricityNo antibioticsNo phoneNo clockNo glass in most windows

Now explore your day

  1. Before dawn — unload the kiln. Count the losses. Cracked pots are the difference between a good week and a bad one.
  2. Morning — carry finished bowls to the market street. Army contracts pay reliably; civilians haggle.
  3. Midday — bread, cheese, watered wine. Food is bought daily because storing it is difficult.
  4. Afternoon — throw the next batch, wedge clay, repair the wheel bearing.
  5. Evening — the bath house, because it is warm, social, and the only reliable hot water you have.
  6. Night — dark at sunset. Oil lamps are expensive, so most work stops when the light does.

Everyday life · historical layers

What we know, what was written, what we think

Homes

Excavated strip buildings at Chester and Wroxeter: narrow street frontage, workshop at the front, living space behind, hearths and beaten earth floors.

Food

Carbonised grain, animal bone assemblages dominated by cattle and pig, olive oil and fish sauce amphorae, querns for hand-milling.

Work

Kiln sites, tool finds, makers' stamps on tile and pottery, worn tool surfaces indicating handedness and technique.

Medicine

Surgical instrument sets, eye-salve stamps, skeletal evidence of healed fractures, arthritis and dental wear.

Roads and transport

Surviving agger and metalling, milestones, rutted stone surfaces, ox-cart fittings and horse gear.

Religion

Altars, curse tablets from Bath, household shrine niches, votive deposits in rivers and wells.

Children

Toys, feeding vessels, infant burials under floors, skeletal indicators of childhood illness and malnutrition.

Weather and warmth

Hypocaust systems, thick woollen textile fragments, charcoal and fuel deposits, waterlogged environmental data.

Living museum

Walk through it

Roman villa

Mosaic floorHypocaust channelPainted plasterDining couchOil lamp

Workshop

Potter's wheelKilnClay binsMaker's stampWaster pile

Garden

Herb bedsWater channelFruit treesBee skepShrine

Bath house

StrigilHot roomHypocaust pillarsWooden sandalsOil flask

Marketplace

Weighing scalesCoin hoardAmphoraeStall awningPrice graffito

Military fort

Segmented armourWriting tabletHobnailed bootGranaryBallista bolt

Farm

Iron plough shareQuern stoneSickleByreGrain store

Harbour

Mooring stoneCargo craneShip's nailLead ingotTally marks

Time compare

The achievements and the limitations of each era, side by side.

Roman kitchen

Modern kitchen

Fire, hand-milling and daily shopping versus refrigeration and stored food.

Roman road

Modern motorway

Both engineered for supply and control. One moves at 5km/h, one at 110.

Roman doctor

Modern hospital

Comparable surgical skill. No understanding of infection.

Roman farm

Modern greenhouse

Season-bound yields versus controlled climate and year-round growing.

Bath house

Bathroom

Public, social and heated by slave-fed furnaces versus private and instant.

Soundscape

Environmental sound only. No music unless it would have been heard.

Cart wheels on stoneBlacksmith's hammerMarket voices in Latin and BritishWater in a drain channelCattle in the streetRain on tileHobnailed boots in step

Historical garden

What was growing

Coriander

Cooking and preserving

Seeds recovered from Roman-period deposits across Britain.

Fennel

Cooking and digestive remedy

An introduction that stayed.

Rue

Medicinal

Named repeatedly in Roman medical writing.

Dill

Cooking and infant remedies

Found in urban waterlogged deposits.

Grape vine

Wine and fruit

Vine pollen and pips exist in Britain; scale of production is debated.

Walnut

Food and oil

A Roman introduction to Britain.

A day in the life

A Roman bakerA potter outside the fortressA market traderA military clerkA physicianA farm labourer